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In India, number of people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) would be 87 million by the year 2030. DM disturbs autonomic regulation of skin micro-circulation, and causes decrease in resting blood flows through the skin. The skin blood flow has a major effect on its temperature. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes of skin temperature of all parts of the body and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine,...
Thermal infrared imaging (TIRI) employs a focal plane array (FPA) of infrared detectors, with associated optics and optoelectronics to remotely detect and topographically map thermal emittance. Thermal and optical properties of human physioanatomy are not fully understood yet confounding diagnostic interpretation of human TIRI's. Elucidation of the specific physical mechanism via which thermal emission...
Radiofrequency ablation is increasingly being used for liver cancer because it is a minimally invasive treatment method. However, it is difficult for the operators to precisely control the formation of coagulation zones because of the cooling effect of capillary vessels. To overcome this limitation, we have proposed a model-based robotic ablation system using a real-time numerical simulation to analyze...
Highly sensitive and selective biomarker detection is required for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Disease progression has been shown to correlate with specific fucosylation of a validated HCC serum glycoprotein biomarker, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Carbohydrate binding proteins, such as lectins, can be used as diagnostic indicators for monitoring glycosylation changes during disease...
The electronic circuitry of active implantable devices is commonly protected against the risk of water-induced corrosion by using gas-tight (hermetic) packages, preventing moisture from the host body to reach the electronics. However, when closing the package, one has to ensure that the packaged components do not contain moisture that could rise humidity inside the package to critical levels by outgassing...
We present a wearable sensor platform designed for monitoring and studying autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity for the purpose of mental health treatment and interventions. The mobile sensor system consists of a sensor band worn on the ankle that continuously monitors electrodermal activity (EDA), 3-axis acceleration, and temperature. A custom-designed ECG heart monitor worn on the chest is also...
Measurement of the energy consumption of isolated cardiac trabeculae requires highly sensitive temperature sensors. In this paper we describe and characterize an initial prototype of a vapor pressure thermometer being designed and built for application to muscle microcalorimetry. The device exploits the change in vapor pressure with temperature of a solvent and the change in pressure with volume of...
We have constructed a thermal stereoscope utilizing three digital SLR cameras and an infrared camera for rapid surface reconstruction of diabetic foot geometry and temperature distribution. A structured light pattern is projected on to the foot to provide approximately 2500 reconstructed points. The reconstructed point cloud is then fitted to a finite element model, producing root mean squared errors...
Vibrotactile threshold testing has been used to investigate activation of human somatosensory pathways. A portable vibrotactile threshold testing device called the Vibrotactile Threshold Evaluator for the Workplace (VTEW) was designed for screening of carpal tunnel syndrome in the workplace, and initially contained a small fan for cooling. During subject testing, the device is operated intermittently,...
The effect on acid-base balance efficacy of intermittent warm and cold blood cardioplegia (IWBC, ICBC) was assessed in 44 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with prolonged aortic cross clamping. With this purpose a customized multi sensor probe was inserted in the coronary sinus, and pH, PO2, PCO2 and temperature were continuously measured at 1 Hz sampling rate. The mean cross-clamping time was...
Previous studies have demonstrated that the stiffness of cancerous cells reflects their pathological stage and progression rates, with increased cancerous cell stiffness associated with increased aggressiveness. Therefore, the elasticity of the cancerous cells has the potential to be used as an indicator of the cancer's aggressiveness. However, the sensitivity and resolution of current palpation and...
Radio frequency ablation (RFA) for lung cancer has increasingly been used over the past few years because RFA is minimally invasive treatment for patients. As a feature of RFA for the lung cancer, lung has the air having low thermal conductivity. Therefore, RFA for lung has the advantage that only the tumor is coagulated because heating area is confined to the immediate vicinity of the heating point...
We developed an implantable thin film transistor temperature sensor (TFT-TS) to measure temperature changes in the brain. These changes are assumed to be associated with cerebral metabolism and neuronal activity. Two prototype TFT-TSs were designed and tested in-vitro: one with 8 diode-connected single-ended sensors, and the other with 4 pairs of differential-ended sensors in an array configuration...
Smartphones are sensor-rich and Internet-enabled. With their on-board sensors, web services, social media, and external biosensors, smartphones can provide contextual information about the device, user, and environment, thereby enabling the creation of rich, biologically driven applications. We introduce ContextProvider, a framework that offers a unified, query-able interface to contextual data on...
Playing the piano is a repetitive task that involves the use of the hands and the arms. Pain related to piano-playing can result in extending the tissues and ligaments of the hands and arms beyond their mechanical tolerance. Infrared imaging records the skin temperature and produces a thermal map of the imaged body part; small variations in the skin temperature could be a sign of inflammation or stress...
Cells exposed to short electric pulses experience a change in their transmembrane potential, which can lead to increased membrane permeability of the cell. When the energy of the pulses surpasses a threshold, the cell dies in a non-thermal manner known as irreversible electroporation (IRE). IRE has shown promise in the focal ablation of pathologic tissues. Its non-thermal mechanism spares sensitive...
Noninvasive methods for deep body temperature measurement are based on the principle of heat equilibrium between the thermal sensor and the target location theoretically. However, the measurement position is not able to be definitely determined. In this study, a 2-dimensional mathematical model was built based upon some assumptions for the physiological condition of the human abdomen phantom. We evaluated...
An electrosurgery is a fundamental operation that utilizes Joule heat generated by the passage of a radiofrequency current. Surgical simulators are demanded for training of the electrosurgical skill with fewer complications. However, foregoing simulators have never implemented a series of physics phenomena in electrosurgery. The aim of this study is to construct a surgical simulator with a unified...
In this paper, heating properties of the proposed hyperthermia system for non-invasive treatment of deep tumors are discussed. Our heating system is composed of a large size resonant cavity applicator. In this heating method, a human body is placed between the two inner electrodes. It is heated by electromagnetic fields stimulated in the cavity without contact between the surface of the human body...
The design, fabrication, and measurement results for a diaphragm-based single crystal silicon sensor element of size 820 μm × 820 μm × 500 μm are presented. The sensor element is designed for in vivo applications with respect to size and measurement range. Moreover, it is optimized for longtime operation in the human body through a built-in protection preventing biofouling on the piezoresistors. The...
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